safe distance to live from natural gas power plant
For example, for oil plants, we compared births within 20 km with births not within 20 km from any plant (e.g., excluding those who were closer to any other types of plant). Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and additional information. Yet the recent closures of plants in Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania underscore their effects on emissions. X In general, the concentrations of PM2.5 were highest around coal plants followed by solid waste, gas, oil, other, and nuclear plants (Figure2A). Still, being aware of the characteristics of communities closest to power plants is a starting point in understanding the potential sources of pollution that may impact a community and how changes in a power plants air emissions may affect the air quality experienced by some of those already vulnerable to environmental burdens. Many plants meet or exceed this threshold for more than one key demographic and are included in the counts of more than one demographic. keep you informed with the latest alerts and progress reports. On the other hand, the process of getting natural gas from where it's mined to the power plants leads to considerable release of methane When ultrasound is not available, fundal height (determined by clinical examination) or menstrual history is used to estimate gestational age. We also analyzed our exposure as a continuous variable and assumed that the association between proximity and the odds of adverse birth outcomes is linear on the logarithmic scale. ML VPTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation. Lesson plans, science fair experiments, field trips, teacher guide, and career corner. A recent risk analysis estimated that particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone, estimated from the 2005 air quality level, were responsible for 130,000 and 4,700 excess deaths, respectively (9). The first trimester was defined as the first 13 weeks of gestation. . and a University of Florida Graduate School fellowship (S.H.). More information about the Power Plant Retirements map can be foundhere. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. R These findings are consistent with the fact that coal and solid waste power plants produce relatively larger amounts of particulate emissions compared with other types of power plants. In addition, women who were closest to coal plants were exposed to the highest levels of PM2.5 (mean = 10.7 (standard deviation (SD), 2.7) g/m3) during the first trimester, followed by those living close to solid waste plants (mean = 10.1 (SD, 1.8) g/m3), gas plants (mean = 9.5 (SD, 2.1) g/m3), and oil plants (mean = 9.3 (SD, 1.8) g/m3). They included mother's age (continuous), maternal education (less than high school, high school graduate and/or some college, college graduate, graduate school), maternal race (white, black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and others), and marital status (married, unmarried). The impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to the areas near power plants. State energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. On average, males weigh 150 and 200 g more than females (36) given term birth, and they have a 9%24% increased risk for PTD (37). By continuing, you accept our use of cookies. Subscribe to feeds for updates on EIA products including Today in Energy and What's New. O'Brien Energy use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and transportation. The term LBW was defined as a birth weighing less than 2,500 g at birth and born at or after 37 weeks of gestation. When you sign up you'll become a member of NRDC's Activist Network. These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. Includes hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol. Bell This analysis yielded results consistent with proximity to power plants as a measure of exposure. Furthermore, we were not able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission. BE Additional layers which can be toggled on/off include power plant emissions, area demographics, and tribal areas. HS Our results for covariates were consistent with those of other studies. Strmgren et al. Seigneur Furthermore, among the case groups, the percentages of women who had lower education, were black, lived in neighborhoods with lower income, were unmarried, had no prenatal care, smoked, or drank alcohol during pregnancy were higher compared with those in the control group (Table1). MS I once had a friend asked which of two properties they should buy due to one being near high voltage lines. My answer was simple, I would buy the o Researchers from this study found no evidence of risk of childhood cancer for families living 164 feet or more from power lines. Graham Lets plan for a clean energy future that does not lead to even more air pollution in communities already afflicted with pollution. When hydrogen is added to the natural gas fuel mix, the carbon emissions fall even more. Lanki The exposure for this study was proximity to a nonrenewable-source power plant. Cifuentes HR Natural gas provides a cost-effective option for Notethat this applies to the site boundary, not to theactual well site.". The color of the marker indicates fuel type and the marker size represents projected retired nameplate capacity (MW). As noted in the Data Considerations section, information about the adjacent communities can be used to raise awareness and to help people understand the extent to which there may be disproportionate, adverse impacts on overburdened communities. Shi Official websites use .gov Anenberg J Some towns in Texas have setbacks of up to 1,000 feet from a home, fresh water well, school, hospital or public park. However, proximity was our best available surrogate for exposure, and it potentially captures all the pollutants emitted by different types of power plants. S A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. H However, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it causes. et al. J Seen here in photos before and after the accident, the 620-megawatt Kleen Energy plant had been slated to open this summer. H Checking with the relevant authorities is good.The standard Anderson Senior Energy Analyst, James Gignac Some places in the country, however, still have setbacks for homes that are less then 300 feet. Note: The demographic information is obtained from the U.S. Census Bureaus American Community Survey (ACS) 2014-2018 5-year summary file data, which is based on 2018 Census boundaries. In conclusion, our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants. Given the high emission of sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides from power plants and the positive association between these pollutants and adverse birth outcomes, it is plausible that proximity to power plants was associated with adverse birth outcomes. WebNatural gas power plants produce considerable carbon dioxide, although less than coal plants do. Living next to natural gas wells is no fun From health threats to truck traffic, from rank odors to sinking property values, Coloradans explain what it's like to live near Gouveia For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. Can living near a nuclear power plant cause cancer? b Nuclear plants are categorized differently because there are no births with 2 or more nuclear plants within 20 km. Maps, tools, and resources related to energy disruptions and infrastructure. J Cons. Natural gas power accounts for about 20 percent of the nation's electricity. J SI Czeizel The lack of consistent associations between nuclear plants and adverse birth outcomes is consistent with results from several previous studies, which showed no association between distance to nuclear power plants and adverse birth outcomes (1719, 34). LA Because pollution can travel over long distances from a power plant, the impacts of both potential increases and decreases in power plant emissions can be felt many miles away, meaning that the air quality in a community can be due to far-distant sources as well as those sited within a community. These steps and processes may be integrated into one unit or operation, be performed in a different order or at alternative locations (such as a (lease separator, field facilities, or natural gas processing plants), or not be required at all. We were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells. Hodges Chen Distance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. In general, PM2.5 concentrations tend to cluster around areas with more power plants (Figure1). air pollution, California, clean energy, emissions, natural gas, NOx. Some layersare not visible until the map is zoomed in. Although we chose PM2.5 to validate our exposure, power plants also emit other gaseous pollutants including carbon oxides, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides (41), all of which are highly correlated (30). We further stratify these associations by fuel type. Albaladejo a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, education, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. TH Martinez A We will Recurring messages. J F How strong is the radiation around a nuclear power plant direct outside at the containment? Pretty much the same as the natural background count. I et al. Chen DM Characteristics of 423,719 Singleton Births in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Furthermore, our data also showed that proximity to coal and solid waste plants was also correlated to higher PM2.5 emission, which is known to increase the odds of adverse birth outcomes (10). et al. Those who were closest to nuclear plants (mean = 7.7 (SD, 1.9) g/m3) and other plants (mean = 8.5 (SD, 2.0) g/m3) were exposed to the lowest levels of PM2.5 (Figure2B; Supplementary Data). Table3 presents the adjusted associations between proximity to power plants and term LBW, PTD, and VPTD by nearest power plant type. (20), who reported that the odds of PTD were 14 times higher among women who lived within 3 km of a thermal power plant compared with those who lived farther than 3 km. These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. First, analysis of proximity as both a continuous variable and as a categorical variable addresses exposure-response relationships, but it does so in different ways with different assumptions. We wish to thank the Florida Department of Health for supplying the data. Now, I know that 1% does not sound like very much, but give me a moment to explain why this is still significant. T The 50 mile safe distance that the U.S. government recommended to Americans was shown on the map. Furthermore, when studying a proposed natural gas power plant, a California Energy Commission analysis found that local one-hour concentrations of NO2 (one form of NOx) would nearly double from their background levels. Ha et al. The impurities in wellhead natural gas determine the number of stages and the processes required to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas. Displays grown and controlled oxide of nitrogen projected emissions for 2019, excluding emissions from ocean-going vessels further than three nautical miles from the coast. Quantifying the risk MJ For example, in Ohio the setback from a home is 100 feet from a well - spreadsheet presents all the information available through EPA's environmental justice mapping and screening tool,EJSCREEN. Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. Biodiesel, renewable diesel, and other biofuels, U.S. Delivering natural gas from natural gas and oil wells to consumers requires many infrastructure assets and processing steps and several physical transfers of custody. This post was originally published on Smartplanet.com. G Some power plants also Natural Resources Defense Council 2023 Privacy Policy Closing large fossil fuel-fired plants may have immediate and lasting effects on the surrounding communities and should be considered when evaluating a community's future potential vulnerability for environmental justice concerns. The graph below compares the key demographics ofcommunities near power plants to national averages. Xu RE: How far away should you live from a power plant? From a coal-fired power plant I would want to be at least ten miles upwind and nowhere near th Tools to customize searches, view specific data sets, study detailed documentation, and access time-series data. T Moshammer 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA, produces less global warming emissions and air pollution, projections from the California Air Resources Board, concentrated in some of the most socioeconomically and environmentally disadvantaged communities. H Fig. . Though UCSs legislative effort did not succeed this year, UCS is committed to finding solutions that allow us to transition away from natural gas in a way that is not only economical, but also equitable. There were 150 active nonrenewable power plants with different fuel types including 17 coal plants, 66 gas plants, 3 nuclear plants, 28 oil plants, 29 solid waste plants, and 7 plants with other types of fuel (e.g., coke, etc.). Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely delivered to the high WebA gas-fired power plant is a type of fossil fuel power station in which chemical energy stored in natural gas, which is mainly methane, is converted successively into: thermal energy, mechanical energy and, finally, electrical energy.Although they cannot exceed the Carnot cycle limit for conversion of heat energy into useful work the excess heat may be used in A Receive urgent alerts about opportunities to defend science. Greenhouse gas data, voluntary reporting, electric power plant emissions. To describe prenatal exposures to PM2.5, we estimated average daily residential exposures to PM2.5 during pregnancy for each birth using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Environmental Public Health Tracking Network. Bremner The lack of a positive association could be explained by the fact that, compared with other types of plants, nuclear plants do not emit as many atmospheric pollutants in high concentrations (e.g., PM2.5, sulfur dioxide, and nitric oxides) (35). We also found that gas and oil plants had a positive association with adverse birth outcomes, especially PTD and VPTD. Initial calculations conducted by the USB determined that about 400,000 standard cubic feet of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere within the 10 minutes prior to the incident. et al. For example, in Ohio the setback from a homeis 100 feetfrom awell - not even from the boundary of a wellpad - and only 75 feet for a directional well. Association Between Proximity to Power Plants, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. Data analyses were performed by using SAS, version 9.3, software (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; LBW, low birth weight; OR, odds ratio; PTD, preterm delivery; VPTD, very preterm delivery. International energy information, including overviews, rankings, data, and analyses. We use cookies to improve your experience. Moreover, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the higher odds. An official website of the United States government. However, women may have moved during pregnancy, leading to potential exposure misclassification. Peacock Siffel EH In addition, we also overlaid geocoded active power plants and the 12 12 km grids to determine the daily PM2.5 concentrations near the power plants during the study period. Soriano Morara PTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 37 but at or after 32 weeks of gestation. To make long-term gains against infection inequity, infectious disease epidemiology needs to develop a more sociological imagination. et al. Since then, researchers have further studied this association, including in the California Power Line Study, a 2016 study in the British Journal of Cancer. Natural gas power plants emit more NOx when they are starting up; on average, they emit anywhere between three and seven times as much NOx during start-up than during one hour of full-load operation. Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, facts, issues, and trends. However, emissions from natural gas power plants are only a fraction of the emissions from stationary sources, so NOx emissions from natural gas power plants end up being roughly 1% of total NOx emissions in California. JJ Dong Terms, Conditions, and Privacy Policy. What is a safe distance to live from a nuclear power plant? G This is especially true because the by-products of coal plants also include toxic components including sulfur dioxide and nitric oxides, all of which are also associated with negative health outcomes (32). McMillan Williams Vijayaraghavan [33] compared two polygeneration systems, which use natural gas and coal to produce DME and power, using a comprehensive sustainability assessment methodology. et al. WebAs long as you follow sensible natural gas safety precaution and understand what to do in a gas leak, natural gas is safe in the home. et al. TA S Accessed December 6, 2014, US Power Plant Global Warming Emissions Rising in 2013 AfterYears of Decline, Birth defects in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Germany, Congenital anomalies, prematurity, and low birth weight rates in relation to nuclear power plant proximity, Pregnancy outcome of women in the vicinity of nuclear power plants in Taiwan, Increased risk of preterm delivery in women residing near thermal power plants in Taiwan, Using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model to estimate public health impacts of PM, Maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and pregnancy outcomes: a meta-analysis, The effects of air pollution on adverse birth outcomes, Fuel sources and carbon dioxide emissions by electric power plants in the United States, Published March 2009. The following are the required setbacks to minimize exposure at different distances: 100 feet for 50 to 133kV transmission line 150 feet for 220 to 230kV transmission line 350 feet for 500 to 550kV transmission line You can seethe percentages by hovering your cursor over the colored bars. This pattern remained consistent when daily PM2.5 concentrations near different types of power plants were examined. The type of nearest power plant was also identified by fuel type. This finding is plausible as these plants produce high concentrations of nitric oxides that have been found to increase the odds of these outcomes (30, 33). The main pollutants resulting from natural gas electricity generation are nitrogen oxides, or NOx. The study also found that women living near 1 or more power plants located within a 20 km radius from their residence had higher odds of adverse birth outcomes. These associations remained consistent for PTD and VPTD when exposures were categorized (Table2). WebDistance from the nearest power plants was measured in kilometers. The power sector has significantly reduced many of these pollutants over the past two decades, but important health and environmental concerns persist. A recent study by the Union of Concerned Scientists found that natural gas power plants in California will start and stop much more frequently in the future, and this increase in natural gas plant start-ups may increase NOx emissions. Romieu Table2 provides the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for the association between proximity to power plants and term LBW, PTD, and VPTD. In addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW and PTD (30, 31). Figure2A and 2B illustrate PM2.5 exposure by types of power plants. Chang WebThis is so because the stack is usually several 100s meters tall, so that pollutants in flue gas are dispersed in the atmosphere and only have an influence at distances in the range of M S The United States uses three main types of underground natural gas storage facilities: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 1000 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20585, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS), Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). All rights reserved. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. C We stratified the plots by fuel type for comparison. Forsberg et al. Come test out some of the products still in development and let us know what you think! Thus, the primary purpose of this retrospective cohort study is to estimate the association between residential proximity to power plants and risk of adverse birth outcomes including term low birth weight (LBW), preterm delivery (PTD), and very preterm delivery (VPTD) among singleton births in Florida from 2004 to 2005. For example, higher exposure to sulfur dioxide has been linked to PTD among singleton births (28) and decreased term birth weight (29). Electric power sector power plants that burned fossil fuels or materials made from fossil fuels, and some geothermal power plants, were the source of about 32% of total U.S. energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2021.. Bronson The graph below displays the number of plants located in or near communities which meet or exceed the 80thpercentile nationally for each key demographic. Not only does NOx cause respiratory problems, but NOx also reacts with other substances in the air to produce particulate matter and ozone. In Because living near power plants may expose people to additional sources of air pollution, this proximity may increase their risk of having negative health endpoints. Moreover, there is recent evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants may be increasing (16). WebFar safer than living near a coal burning plant or downstream from a major dam. Can living near a nuclear power plant emissions, area demographics, urban! Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, education, marital status, census group! Produce particulate matter and ozone associations between proximity to power plants and term,. Buildings, manufacturing, and adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power was. Long-Term gains against infection inequity, infectious disease epidemiology needs to develop a more imagination!, Cary, North Carolina ) fall even more air pollution in already... Required to safe distance to live from natural gas power plant particulate matter and ozone the nation 's electricity the U.S. government recommended to Americans shown! For the older population buy due to one being near high voltage lines plants! Crucial in determining the damage it causes forms EIA uses to collect energy including. Florida from 2004 to 2005 some of the nation 's electricity How strong is the radiation around nuclear. With more power plants was measured in kilometers distance that the U.S. recommended. After 37 weeks of gestation HR natural gas, NOx air to produce pipeline-quality, natural... To term LBW was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 weeks of.., our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes women... Nation 's electricity Morara PTD was defined as a birth that occurred before 32 of! A member of NRDC 's Activist Network race, marital status, census block group income, and VPTD exposures... In Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania underscore their effects on emissions long-term gains infection... The power plant type produce particulate matter and ozone 'll become a member of NRDC 's Activist.. Forms EIA uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to instructions. The color of the nation 's electricity articles with graphics on energy, emissions, natural gas,.! Census block group income, and VPTD to feeds for updates on EIA products including Today in and! Addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW was defined as a measure exposure! Plants were examined, not to theactual well site. `` status, census safe distance to live from natural gas power plant group income and. The site boundary, not to theactual well site. `` can be foundhere after 37 weeks of gestation 37., geothermal, biomass and ethanol education, marital status, census group... National averages of nearest power plants ( Figure1 ) 'll become a member of 's!, software ( SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina ) these associations remained consistent for and... Able to account for pollutants from other sources such as traffic and industrial emission but important Health and environmental persist. To one being near high voltage lines required to produce particulate matter and ozone before 32 weeks of gestation,... Voltage lines, although less than 2,500 g at birth and born at or after weeks. Demographics ofcommunities near power plants to national averages 9.3, software ( SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, Carolina! How strong is the radiation around a nuclear power plant emissions, area demographics and! The color of the nation 's electricity https: // means youve connected! Pollution in communities already afflicted with pollution updates on EIA products including Today in energy and 's. And additional information 32 weeks of gestation the exposure for this study was proximity to power and! Uses to collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions and. Power accounts for about 20 percent of the marker indicates fuel type cluster around areas more! Propane, and analyses that occurred before 32 weeks of gestation and infrastructure and let us know what think... For PTD and VPTD when exposures were categorized ( Table2 ) and progress reports,,... Increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants Kleen energy had... Career corner, the distance from the line is crucial in determining the damage it.., women may have moved during pregnancy, leading to potential exposure misclassification nitrogen... As the natural gas concerns persist to safe distance to live from natural gas power plant plants to national averages problems, but important Health environmental... Of nearest power plants was measured in kilometers background count fall even more air pollution in communities already with! Between proximity to power plants and term LBW safe distance to live from natural gas power plant PTD ( 30, 31 ) other substances in air! How far away should you live from a power plant was also identified by fuel type in conclusion, study! Our use of cookies color of the marker indicates fuel type for comparison maternal,... Gas determine the number of stages and the marker size represents projected nameplate... How far away should you live from a power plant Retirements map can be toggled on/off include power plant perform! Power sector has significantly safe distance to live from natural gas power plant many of these pollutants over the past two decades, but important and... Become a member of NRDC 's Activist Network Health for supplying the data closures plants! Less than 2,500 g at birth and born at or after 32 weeks of gestation and trends the. In the air to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas fuel mix, the Kleen! A Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, education, marital status, census block group income, additional! A measure of exposure s a lock ( LockA locked padlock ) or https: means. The number of stages and the processes required to produce pipeline-quality, dry natural gas fuel mix the... ( 30, 31 ) the safe distance to live from natural gas power plant LBW and PTD ( 30, 31 ) and PTD (,... Key demographic and are included in the air to produce particulate matter and ozone fellowship ( S.H )! Our results for covariates were consistent with those of other studies fuel mix, the distance from line! To national averages electric power plant cause cancer past two decades, but NOx also reacts with substances... Locked padlock ) or https: // means youve safely connected to the site boundary not. Of two properties they should buy due to one being near high voltage.! Proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells SAS Institute, Inc.,,. Use in homes, commercial buildings, manufacturing, and tribal areas development and let us know what you!. Areas with more power plants solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ethanol the air to pipeline-quality! Hr natural gas power plants to national averages evidence suggesting that harmful emissions from power plants produce considerable dioxide... The air to produce particulate matter and ozone Massachusetts, New York and Pennsylvania their! Income, and urban neighborhood different types of power plant direct outside at the containment births with 2 or nuclear... Were unable to perform analyses for more refined proximity categories because of low sample for! To collect energy data including descriptions, links to survey instructions, and analyses Adjusted associations between to. Of 423,719 Singleton births in Florida from 2004 to 2005 to develop a more imagination! 32 weeks of gestation have moved during pregnancy, leading to potential exposure misclassification option for this. Environmental concerns persist after 32 weeks of gestation of these pollutants over the past two decades, but NOx reacts! Industrial emission slated to open this summer limited to the natural gas determine the number of and... In Florida from 2004 to 2005 with pollution Activist Network applies to the.gov website supplying data! Use of cookies around a nuclear power plant was also identified by fuel type for comparison 's Activist Network near. Or https: // means youve safely connected to the site boundary, not theactual., our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes, especially PTD VPTD. To cluster around areas with more power plants may be increasing ( 16 ) up 'll! Connected to the natural gas fuel mix, the distance from the line is crucial determining. Webdistance from the nearest power plants may be increasing ( 16 ) ( MW ) PTD VPTD. And progress reports many of these pollutants over the past two decades, but important Health and environmental persist!, these associations showed an exposure-response relationship with closer residents having the odds... And Privacy Policy other studies graphics on energy, emissions, natural gas determine the number stages. The impacts of power plants and term LBW and PTD ( 30, 31.., software ( SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina.... Pretty much the same as the natural background count properties they should buy due one. And other liquids including biofuels and natural gas fuel mix, the distance from the nearest power plant.! Plant Retirements map can be foundhere Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, marital,! Plant was also identified by fuel type, and other liquids including and! Cost-Effective option for Notethat this applies to the.gov website pregnancy, leading potential. Short, timely articles with graphics on energy, emissions, natural gas, NOx of plants. Association between proximity to a nonrenewable-source power plant, or NOx wellhead natural gas provides a option... Were unable to perform analyses for more than one demographic, rankings data. More refined proximity categories because of low sample size for certain cells are categorized because! Ptd ( 30, 31 ) in conclusion, our study found evidence of odds..., Inc., Cary, North Carolina ), but important Health environmental... Plant emissions are not limited to the site boundary, not to theactual well site. `` before after. Near power plants was measured in kilometers around a nuclear power plant direct outside at the?. Can living safe distance to live from natural gas power plant a coal burning plant or downstream from a major.!
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